Half of People Who Have Diabetes But Don't Know it

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Diabetes is a health condition that affects many people worldwide. Understanding symptoms and seeking appropriate medical assessment can help people make informed decisions about their health.

WHAT IS DIABETES?

Diabetes mellitus is a group of metabolic disorder syndromes caused by absolute or relative insufficiency of insulin secretion and reduced sensitivity of target tissue cells to insulin, with hyperglycemia as the main hallmark. The main clinical manifestations of diabetes mellitus are polydipsia, polyuria, polyphagia and weight loss, as well as high blood sugar and glucose in urine (normal urine should not contain glucose). Diabetes can cause damage to multiple systems in the body if not treated effectively.

There are 3 major types of diabetes: Type 1 diabetes, Type 2 diabetes, and Gestational Diabetes.

DANGERS OF DIABETES

If left uncontrolled for a long time, diabetes can cause damage to many organs in the body, leading to disabling and life-threatening health complications such as cardiovascular disease (CVD), neuropathy, kidney damage (diabetic nephropathy), lower limb amputation (diabetic foot), and retinopathy that leads to vision loss or even blindness.

For example, Practical recommendations for the management of patients with novel coronavirus infections combined with diabetes published recently in the prestigious international journal The Lancet found that older diabetics with COVID-19 are at higher risk of dying from the disease and that the virus may actually drive normal people to become newly diabetic.

Individualised diabetes management may help reduce the risk of some complications. Outcomes vary, and complications cannot be guaranteed to be prevented. Treatment and follow-up care should be discussed with a healthcare professional.

The IDF Atlas of Diabetes is the authoritative source of evidence on the prevalence of diabetes, associated morbidity and mortality, and diabetes-related health expenditures at the global, regional, and national levels. The findings of the current 10th edition confirm that diabetes is one of the most rapidly chronic diseases by 2021, an estimated 537 million people will have diabetes, and that number is projected to reach 643 million by 2030 and 783 million by 2045. In addition, 541 million people are expected to have abnormal glucose tolerance in 2021. It is estimated that more than 6.7 million people ages 20-79 will die from diabetes-related causes in 2021. The number of children and adolescents with diabetes is increasing every year. In 2021, more than 1.2 million children and teens will have type 1 diabetes. Direct health expenditures due to diabetes are already approaching one trillion dollars and will surpass that number by 2030.

This 10th edition of the IDF Diabetes Atlas also shows that hyperglycemia in pregnancy (HIP) affects about one in six pregnant women. Another concern is the consistently high percentage of people with undiagnosed diabetes, about 45%, the vast majority of whom have type 2 diabetes. This underscores the urgent need to improve diagnosis for people with diabetes, many of whom do not know they have it until they develop significant symptoms or even some complications.

Symptoms such as increased thirst, frequent urination or unexplained weight loss can have different causes and should be assessed by a healthcare professional. A Sinocare blood glucose meter can be used to monitor blood glucose in accordance with its instructions for use. A home meter reading alone should not be used to diagnose diabetes or determine the cause of symptoms.

According to WHO & IDF, the diagnostic criteria for diabetes and prediabetes are as follows.

Diabetes mellitus:
Fasting blood glucose≧130mg/dl (7.0 moml/l)
Two-hour postprandial blood glucose≧200mg/dl (11.1mmol/l)
Pre-diabetes:
Fasting blood glucose = 100-125 mg/dl (5.6-6.9 mmol/L)
2-hour blood glucose = 140-199 mg/dl (7.8-11.0 mmol/L)

Blood glucose monitoring may form part of an individual care plan. Discuss whether a glucose meter is suitable for your needs with a healthcare professional, and seek medical assessment for symptoms or concerning readings.